ZTF J021804.16+071152.93: a dead cataclysmic variable and potential solution to the missing period bouncer cataclysmic variables

ABSTRACT It is predicted that half or more of all cataclysmic variables (CVs) should have evolved past the period minimum and now exist as so-called period bouncers where a white dwarf should be accreting from a Roche lobe filling substellar companion. However, this prediction stands in stark contrast to observations, where only a few per cent of CVs are found in this evolutionary phase. A potential solution to this discrepancy is that a magnetic field emerges from within the white dwarf after the system has reached the period minimum. The transfer of angular momentum from the spin of the white dwarf into the orbit then pushes the two stars apart, detaching them for potentially billions of years. Here we present the discovery of ZTF J021804.16+071152.93, a detached $0.69\pm 0.01$ $\mathrm{{\rm M}_{\odot }}$, 19 MG magnetic white dwarf plus $37\pm 5$ $\mathrm{M_\mathrm{Jup}}$ brown dwarf binary with an orbital period of 1.7 h. The kinematics of the system indicate that it is a high probability member of the Galactic thick disc. However, this strongly disagrees with the much younger age of the system obtained from the white dwarf parameters, implying that the system may have been accreting in the past. This system is therefore consistent with having detached as a result of the emergence of the magnetic field of the white dwarf when the system was still mass transferring, and may represent the ultimate fate for many (perhaps even most) CVs.

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Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2026-03-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag521
Primary Topic
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Type
article
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article

ZTF J021804.16+071152.93: a dead cataclysmic variable and potential solution to the missing period bouncer cataclysmic variables

S. Bagnulo, M. Zorotovic, Emma Pike, Raquel Murillo-Ojeda et al.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
article

ZTF J021804.16+071152.93: a dead cataclysmic variable and potential solution to the missing period bouncer cataclysmic variables

S. Bagnulo, M. Zorotovic, Emma Pike, Raquel Murillo-Ojeda, P. Kerry, Amalie Yates, James McCormac, S P Littlefair, N Castro Segura, D I Sahman, S G Parsons, M J Dyer, D Jarvis, V S Dhillon, J A Garbutt, A Rebassa-Mansergas, S L Casewell, M J Green, M R Schreiber, A J Brown, J van Roestel, J Munday, I Pelisoli, M A Stroet, M R Kennedy
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT It is predicted that half or more of all cataclysmic variables (CVs) should have evolved past the period minimum and now exist as so-called period bouncers where a white dwarf should be accreting from a Roche lobe filling substellar companion. However, this prediction stands in stark contrast to observations, where only a few per cent of CVs are found in this evolutionary phase. A potential solution to this discrepancy is that a magnetic field emerges from within the white dwarf after the system has reached the period minimum. The transfer of angular momentum from the spin of the white dwarf into the orbit then pushes the two stars apart, detaching them for potentially billions of years. Here we present the discovery of ZTF J021804.16+071152.93, a detached $0.69\pm 0.01$ $\mathrm{{\rm M}_{\odot }}$, 19 MG magnetic white dwarf plus $37\pm 5$ $\mathrm{M_\mathrm{Jup}}$ brown dwarf binary with an orbital period of 1.7 h. The kinematics of the system indicate that it is a high probability member of the Galactic thick disc. However, this strongly disagrees with the much younger age of the system obtained from the white dwarf parameters, implying that the system may have been accreting in the past. This system is therefore consistent with having detached as a result of the emergence of the magnetic field of the white dwarf when the system was still mass transferring, and may represent the ultimate fate for many (perhaps even most) CVs.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyVol. 547(4)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (US), University of Leicester (GB), Institute of Science and Technology Austria (AT), Universität Hamburg (DE), University College Cork (IE), Armagh Observatory & Planetarium (GB), University of Warwick (GB), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES), Physical Sciences (United States) (US), Centro de Astrobiología (ES), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK), University of Valparaíso (CL), University of Oklahoma (US), University of Sheffield (GB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Openalex Percentile: Top 17%
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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