Improving obstetric fistula care in Africa: A scoping review of key components of repair programs

Obstetric fistula is a preventable childbirth injury caused by prolonged labor without timely care, primarily affecting women in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in incontinence, stigma, and social and economic consequences. While surgical repair is essential, post-repair support and community reintegration are critical for recovery. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess key elements of obstetric fistula repair programs in Africa, including outreach and program delivery. A search of four databases and relevant websites was conducted to identify primary research published between 2014 and 2024. Articles were screened using defined criteria and thematic analysis identified key themes. Eight studies met inclusion criteria, revealing five themes: (1) Enhancing awareness and reducing stigma; (2) barriers and facilitators to care; (3) training and capacity building of healthcare providers; (4) integrating complementary therapies; and (5) surgical outcomes and reintegration strategies. We conclude that standardized, integrated programs are needed to improve access, reduce stigma, and support recovery.