Optimizing Rocket Nozzle Efficiency : Understanding the Role of Entropy and Geometry

This study evaluates the geometric optimization of convergent-Divergent (C-D) rocket nozzles by examining the complex relationship between nozzle contours and thermodynamic irreversibilites. Departing from conventional thrust-centric designs, this research prioritizes the reduction of entropy generation as a critical factor in enhancing propulsion performance, utilizing a customized Python-driven computational framework, the flow characteristics of various Bell and conical nozzle geometries were analyzed under supersonic conditions. The methodology incorporates second-law analysis to quantify energy losses induced by boundary layer effects and shock Interactions. This work offers a refined analytical approach for developing high-efficiency propulsion systems fore, modern space exploration,