Constraints on the Correlation of IceCube Neutrinos with a Tracer of Nearby Large-scale Structure

Abstract The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed extragalactic astrophysical neutrinos with an apparently isotropic distribution. Only a small fraction of the observed astrophysical neutrinos can be explained by known sources. Neutrino production is thought to occur in energetic environments that are ultimately powered by the gravitational collapse of dense regions of the large-scale mass distribution in the universe. Whatever their identity, neutrino sources likely trace this large-scale mass distribution. The clustering of neutrinos with a tracer of the large-scale structure may provide insight into the distribution of neutrino sources with respect to redshift and the identity of neutrino sources. We implement a two-point angular cross correlation of the Northern sky track events with an infrared galaxy catalog derived from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) source catalogs, which trace the nearby large-scale structure. No statistically significant correlation is found between the neutrinos and this infrared galaxy catalog. We find that ≤54% of the diffuse muon neutrino flux can be attributed to sources correlated with the galaxy catalog with 90% confidence. Additionally, when assuming that the neutrino source comoving density evolves following a power law in redshift, dN s / dV ∝ (1 + z ) k , we find that sources with negative evolution, in particular k < −1.75, are disfavored at the 90% confidence level.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2026-03-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae43df
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
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article

Constraints on the Correlation of IceCube Neutrinos with a Tracer of Nearby Large-scale Structure

A. Kochocki, L. Gerhardt, X. W. Xu, L. Draper et al.
The Astrophysical Journal
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Constraints on the Correlation of IceCube Neutrinos with a Tracer of Nearby Large-scale Structure

A. Kochocki, L. Gerhardt, X. W. Xu, L. Draper, G. T. Przybylski, D. Seckel, D. Kang, W. Rhode, J. J. DeLaunay, J. Carpio, S. Athanasiadou, J. Y. Book Motzkin, D. Soldin, K. Leonard DeHolton, S. Fukami, T. Ehrhardt, J. G. Mitchell, G. C. Hill, F. Lauber, J. Gallagher, P. Behrens, T. Kozynets, K. Hultqvist, K. M. Groth, P. Gutjahr, S. Tilav, M. Neumann, C. Lin, K. Fang, N. Feigl, M. Seikh, R. Naab, J. Becker Tjus, B. Brinson, S. DiKerby, H. Pandya, A. Rehman, K. Rawlins, N. Kurahashi, A. Hallgren, R. Babu, V. Poojyam, J. Osborn, V. O’Dell, A. Coleman, K. Noda, E. J. Roberts, N. Krieger, P. Sampathkumar, L. Hennig, J. Braun, A. Novikov, H. Kimku, B. Schlüter, J. J. Beatty, A. Haungs, A. Zander Jurowitzki, E. Genton, Y. Ashida, F. Halzen, S. Eulig, N. Schmeisser, M. A. DuVernois, A. Connolly, S. K. Agarwalla, A. Mand, S. Ter-Antonyan, B. Riedel, T. Kontrimas, H. Niederhausen, S. Mancina, A. Obertacke, J. Thwaites, M. Venugopal, L. Neste, V. Basu, M. Ravn, S. L. Zhang, W. G. Thompson, K. Upshaw, A. Fedynitch, C. Raab, R. Orsoe, C. Lagunas Gualda, S. Toscano, A. E. Granados, H. Schieler, L. Schlickmann, F. G. Schröder, J. Stachurska, K. D. Hoffman, T. DeYoung, R. Abbasi, J. Liao, R. Hewett, D. Ryckbosch, M. Santander, P. Weigel, L. Molchany, A. Hidvegi, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Shimizu, K. Andeen, K. Hoshina, S. R. Klein, J. Adams, K. Farrag, L. Bloom, J. Beise, S. Jain, A. Olivas, N. van Eijndhoven, C. Hill, J. Necker, S. Hori, N. Whitehorn, Y. Popovych, A. Karle, J. Häussler, C. Kopper, D. Z. Besson, J. Saffer, E. Manao, L. Heuermann, I. Reistroffer, A. Eimer, A. Rifaie, D. F. Cowen, J. Soedingrekso, B. A. Clark, X. Bai, V. Parrish, C. Wendt, K. D. de Vries, J. Kiryluk, D. Durnford, L. Pyras, M. Vereecken, A. Vaidyanathan, A. Rosted, A. Khatee Zathul, Y. Morii, B. Skrzypek, G. Sommani, M. Kowalski, I. Bodo, K. Meagher, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, K. Carloni, J. Valverde, A. Noell, M. Scarnera, Dr. A. Yaswanth Kumar, F. Varsi, M. Wolf, A. Franckowiak, M. J. Larson, D. Grant, E. Kun, K. Kruiswijk, Z. Marka, M. Liubarska, N. Lad, P. Eller, T. Ruhe, R. Procter- Murphy, R. Maruyama, A. R. Fazely, P. Coleman, M. Ackermann, N. Kamp, M. Handt, N. Chau, L. Schumacher, M. U. Nisa, C. Argüelles, M. Ramírez García, D. Delgado, A. Mosbrugger, L. Witthaus, L. Lallement Arnaud, A. Parenti, J. P. Yanez, L. Ricca, J. Baines-Holmes, D. Berley, S. Choi, S. Chattopadhyay, J. V. Mead, A. Ghadimi, M. Jacquart, J. M. Conrad, F. Lucarelli, C. D. Rho, Y. Yao, P. Soldin, T. Karg, X. Kang, C. Love, J. Hardin, G. Wrede, F. Schlüter, M. Ha Minh, S. Sclafani, M. Schaufel, C. Finley, A. Garcia, W. Kang, C. Haack, C. De Clercq, O. Botner, J. Hellrung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Ahlers, L. Paul, A. Zegarelli, D. Guevel, E. H. S. Warrick, S. BenZvi, R. Hmaid, D. Mousadi, S. Yoshida, S. Blot, A. Balagopal V., R. T. Burley, S. N. Axani, W. Esmail, A. Sandrock, E. Ganster, T. Ding, B. Benkel, Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis, A. Kheirandish, A. Kravka, J. L. Kelley, P. Fürst, M. A. Campana, A. Thakuri, D. A. Coloma Borja, Z. Rechav, B. Pries, C. Pérez de los Heros, C. Klein, S. Goswami, T. Van Eeden, S. Mondal, Q. R. Liu, M. Prado Rodriguez, D. Fox, Y. Lyu, L. Marten, A. Pontén, D. Salazar-Gallegos, N. Valtonen-Mattila, P. Zilberman, C. Ha, G. Garg, M. Dittmer, K. L. Fan, D. Veske, T. Stuttard, D. Chirkin, L. Fischer, L. Seen, F. Mayhew, A. Weindl, F. Bontempo, D. J. Koskinen, L. Hamacher, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Yu, J. Villarreal, J. van Santen, E. Moyaux, L. Eidenschink, A. Kappes, O. Janik, L. Lu, Y. Makino, R. Snihur, T. Glüsenkamp, Y. Merckx, S. Seunarine, J. Werthebach, M. Thiesmeyer, M. Karl, L. Ruohan, F. Richard Yu, J. Krishnamoorthi, M. Nakos, R. W. Moore, L. Kardum, T. Schmidt, C. H. Wiebusch, U. Naumann, S. Reusch, T. Delmeulle, M. Khanal, J. Böttcher, T. C. Petersen, G. de Wasseige, E. Resconi, A. A. Harnisch, J. A. Aguilar, S. Griffin, R. Shah, S. Schwirn, P. Desiati, C. Walck, J. Vara, S. Verpoest, F. McNally, S. Marka, G. W. Sullivan, J. P. Lazar, D. R. Williams, A. Domi, C. Spiering, M. Hrywniak, T. Pernice, A. Wang, R. Young, M. Jansson, E. Bernardini, D. Butterfield, Y. Kobayashi, T. Stanev, P. Hatch, E. N. Paudel, C. Rott, K. Hanson, K. Hymon, M. Kauer, H. Kolanoski, R. Engel, S. Hickford, A. Ishihara, T. Stürwald, E. Yildizci, S. J. Gray, T. Yuan, T. Stezelberger, N. M. Amin, M. Stamatikos, L. Van Rootselaar, J. Madsen, T. Montaruli, A. Valdivia Medina, S. Mechbal, N. Rad, Z. Chen, E. O’Sullivan, J. Savelberg, A. K. Upadhyay, W. Hou, R. Bay, A. Terliuk, P. Zhelnin, M. Plum, M. Moulai, N. Heyer, P. Koundal, I. Taboada, P. A. Sevle Myhr, W. Luszczak, A. Trettin, D. Tosi, F. Henningsen, R. Koirala, G. M. Spiczak, L. Dueser, C. Bellenghi, M. Hostert, M. Rongen, J. Vandenbroucke, J. Weldert, T. Huber, A. Vijai, D. Elsässer, M. Weyrauch, E. Krupczak, M. Meier, Y. L. Liu, S. W. Barwick, T. Krishnan, K. Helbing, G. Sanger-Johnson, L. Halve, A. Y. Wen, S. Böser, W. Iwakiri, E. Ellinger, K. Dutta, S. Sarkar, A. Katil, L. Köpke, E. Magnus, M. Macdonald, J. J. Evans, A. Sègaard, S. Ali, C. Weaver, P. Schaile, P. A. Evenson, S. Shefali, A. Leszczyńska, Z. Zhang, D. Hooper, S. Bash, S. Schindler, V. Palusova, G. H. Collin, B. Henke, M. Jeong, H. Erpenbeck, L. Merten, N. Park, J.M. Alameddine, S. Vergara Carrasco, K. Tollefson, I. Martinez-Soler, M. Jin, J. Peterson, M. Lamoureux, J. Mauro, C. Spannfellner, S. Griswold, C. M. Günther, I. C. Mariş, S. Deng, E. Blaufuss, T. Mukherjee
article en

Abstract

Abstract The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed extragalactic astrophysical neutrinos with an apparently isotropic distribution. Only a small fraction of the observed astrophysical neutrinos can be explained by known sources. Neutrino production is thought to occur in energetic environments that are ultimately powered by the gravitational collapse of dense regions of the large-scale mass distribution in the universe. Whatever their identity, neutrino sources likely trace this large-scale mass distribution. The clustering of neutrinos with a tracer of the large-scale structure may provide insight into the distribution of neutrino sources with respect to redshift and the identity of neutrino sources. We implement a two-point angular cross correlation of the Northern sky track events with an infrared galaxy catalog derived from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) source catalogs, which trace the nearby large-scale structure. No statistically significant correlation is found between the neutrinos and this infrared galaxy catalog. We find that ≤54% of the diffuse muon neutrino flux can be attributed to sources correlated with the galaxy catalog with 90% confidence. Additionally, when assuming that the neutrino source comoving density evolves following a power law in redshift, dN s / dV ∝ (1 + z ) k , we find that sources with negative evolution, in particular k < −1.75, are disfavored at the 90% confidence level.

The Astrophysical JournalVol. 1000(1)
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Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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