Crash safety improvements for females, injury risk differences between females and males, and rationale for prioritizing MAIS 4 + F prevention

Progress in the protection of females was made in 1980s-2000s with special instrumentation in the 5th female Hybrid III. The testing and field data resulted in greater improvements in female safety than for males. Use of the 5th THOR with 150 channels of responses in NCAP and regulatory tests will not reduce fatalities or severe injuries. Further improvements in female safety require a focus on specific MAIS 4 + F injuries, where a few key responses and kinematics are studied in dummy testing.