Agile focused Seismic for CCS: Accelerating Model Convergence and Economic Optimization

Abstract Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects face significant subsurface uncertainty that affects both regulatory compliance and economic viability. Under frameworks such as the U.S. Class VI permitting process, operators must define and periodically reassess the Area of Review (AoR) to ensure injected CO2 remains contained. Conventional monitoring methods like 4D seismic provide valuable insights but are costly and impractical for frequent surveillance. This study introduces a predictive monitoring workflow combining agile spot seismic with ensemble-based clustering to accelerate convergence toward the true reservoir model early in the injection lifecycle.