A comprehensive analysis of building inspection practices for post-1980 residential and composite buildings in Hong Kong

Purpose This study aims to develop a practice-oriented framework that can inform structured inspection guidelines for post-1980 residential and composite buildings in Hong Kong, by synthesizing legislative evolution, building typologies and recurrent defect patterns. Design/methodology/approach A documentary review covered approval procedures, regulations and design features, drawing on datasets from government departments, private institutions and international bodies. An online survey and focus group discussions with experienced building surveyors were used to identify inspection pain points and training needs. Findings Water seepage, concrete cracking and curtain wall failures were the most frequently reported defects. Practitioners highlighted inconsistent inspection procedures, limited access methods and skills gaps that reduce diagnostic reliability. Results support prioritizing rigorous visual inspections complemented by targeted diagnostics and call for early involvement of maintenance professionals in the early design phase and integrating building maintainability principles throughout the entire building lifecycle. Practical implications The study offers actionable recommendations that can be translated into standardized checklists and protocols tailored to prevalent post-1980 building types, supporting risk-based planning, inspector training and more consistent defect documentation. Originality/value This work integrates regulatory analysis with practitioner evidence specific to Hong Kong’s high-rise, high-density context and translates these insights to a practice-oriented inspection framework intended to improve long-term performance, safety and resilience.