Quest for Legislative Intervention in Stem Cell Research and Therapy in Nigeria: Lessons from United Kingdom and South Africa

Introduction: Stem cell research, which examines the therapeutic applications of human stem cells for disease treatment, is actively conducted worldwide. In response to this, many jurisdictions have developed regulatory frameworks that define permissible stem cell applications and establish mechanisms for compliance. Nigeria is yet to enact such laws, though reports indicate that a small number of stem cell research centres do operate in the country. In the absence of regulation, unethical practices may thrive. This study examined regulatory approaches to stem cell research in the United Kingdom (UK) and South Africa and assessed stakeholder perspectives on stem cell research in Nigeria. Materials & Methods: The study adopted a qualitative approach and a multi-stage recruitment strategy to identify and document the opinions of 30 stakeholders from Lagos, Oyo, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), using in-depth and key informant interview guides. Results: The study found that a permissive legal framework, strictly implemented, has enhanced stem cell research in the UK, while South Africa has a more liberal framework that is not strictly implemented. The latter has encouraged unethical practices leading to increased stem cell tourism in South Africa. Findings from stakeholders in Nigeria showed apathy towards stem cell research among some, although the majority supported its practice in Nigeria subject to necessary regulation. Conclusion: Based on the study’s findings, a permissive legal regime is preferable to a restrictive one for stem cell research in Nigeria, provided it is supported by clear enforcement and effective regulatory oversight.