Essays on Personnel Selection Criteria and Work Breaks: Empirical Insights into Sustainable Workforce Management

This cumulative dissertation examines key aspects of sustainable workforce management by analyzing personnel selection criteria and the role of work breaks in maintaining employee performance and well-being. In light of demographic change, globalization, and increasing competition for skilled labor, organizations face the dual challenge of identifying suitable employees while preserving the health and productivity of their existing workforce. The first part of the dissertation focuses on recruitment processes. One study investigates the influence of facial expressions, particularly smiling, on hiring decisions by comparing written and video résumés. The results show that applicants displaying positive facial expressions are more likely to be evaluated as suitable candidates, especially when video résumés are used. A second study analyzes generational differences in attitudes toward empowerment. Using cluster analysis, the findings indicate that members of Generation X and the Post-war Generation are more likely to favor empowerment than Baby Boomers, while Generation Y shows no clear pattern. The second part examines work breaks as a means of promoting employee health and performance. A scoping review provides an overview of methodological approaches in experimental work break research. Subsequent experimental studies demonstrate that structured break interventions—such as relaxation or physical activity—can improve performance, work ability, and sleep quality, particularly in demanding work environments. Overall, the results highlight the importance of objective recruitment practices and effective break management for sustainable workforce development.