Intelligent Digital Modeling and Soft Computing Integration for Sustainable and Economically Resilient Opencast Mining: Optimization of Controlled Blasting Parameters

A Framework for Sustainable and Future Ready Mining and Economic ViabilityThe mining industry is undergoing a paradigm shift toward sustainability, environmental stewardship, and digital transformation. In opencast mining operations, drilling and blasting remain indispensable for rock fragmentation; however, improper blast design often results in excessive ground vibration, fly rock, air overpressure, dust generation, and community disturbances. These impacts not only threaten structural stability and public safety but also affect the economic viability and social acceptance of mining projects. In view of increasing regulatory scrutiny and the growing emphasis on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) compliance, optimising controlled blasting parameters has become essential for ensuring safe, efficient, and sustainable mining operations. This study proposes an integrated digital and soft computing–oriented framework to optimise blasting parameters in an opencast coal mine while balancing productivity, environmental protection, and long-term economic resilience.