Morphometric analysis of the coronoid process of the mandible: variability of parameters and classification of morphotypes

Background. Morphometric characteristics of the coronary process of the mandible have interdisciplinary significance, which is determined by the need for precision planning of reconstructive and orthognathic surgical interventions. In addition, these characteristics are critically important for forensic medical examination, anthropological researches, as well as for fundamental scientific researches on evolutionary biomechanics and adaptive modifications of the craniofacial complex. Objective. The purpose of this study is to conduct a morphometric analysis of the relationship between the size and shape of the coronoid process of the lower jaw on skeletonized documented jaws. Material and methods. 106 surgical preparations of the mandibular bones served as the research material. Measurements were taken using calipers and a depth gauge. In this study, the authors analyzed the thickness, length of the base and height of the coronal process, as well as the width and depth of the mandible notch and the thickness of its ramus. Results. The average age of the mandible among males was 72.3±2.3 years, and in females, it was 74.2±2.3 years. The coronal processes were classified into 4 shapes: triangular, hook-shaped, round and flat. The predominant shape of the condylar process was triangular, while the flat one was less common than the others. The greatest length of the base of the coronal process was noted for the flat shape on both the right and left sides. At the same time, the greatest thickness of the base of the coronal process on the right was for the hook-shaped form, and on the left it was for both hook-shaped and flat. The greatest thickness of the mandibular ramus was observed with the flat shape of the coronal process on both the right and left sides. The authors have identified a correlation between the length of the base of the coronal process and its shapes. Conclusion. The integration of qualitative (shape) and quantitative (size) characteristics creates the basis for a personalized approach in maxillofacial surgery. The study revealed a limited number of statistically significant differences in the morphometric parameters of the coronary process, mainly localized on the left side of the mandibular complex.