Fast-Response Flexible Multispectral Modulators for Dynamic Optical and Thermal Management

The rapid advancement of reconnaissance technologies has rendered conventional single-band and static camouflage technology ineffective, driving the urgent demand for multispectral dynamic camouflage technology capable of actively changing its spectral properties. Herein, we present a flexible multispectral dynamic modulator (FMDM) that achieves dynamic and compatible visible–infrared camouflage based on a silver-mesh multispectral transparent conductive electrode and reversible copper electrodeposition. The high electron conductivity of the working electrode, combined with the high ionic conductivity of quasi-solid gel electrolyte, enables the uniform, rapid, and reversible deposition/dissolution of copper nanoparticles. Consequently, the FMDM delivers broadband tunability from visible to mid-infrared with high optical modulation contrasts of 0.67 (0.7–2.5 μm), 0.68 (3–5 μm), and 0.82 (8–13 μm), while maintaining a relatively low visible reflectance consistently. Notably, the FMDM also demonstrates ultrafast response speed (2.4/2.7 s), wide operating temperature range (−40–60 °C), and long-term cycling stability. This work paves the way for next-generation multispectral dynamic camouflage technologies.