Is the long-horned grasshopper <i>Ruspolia differens</i> (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) a novel, nutritious, functional, and safe alternative food product? A review

Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is among the most widely consumed edible insect in Eastern and Central Africa, where it contributes to both household nutrition and income generation. As a nutrient-dense food source, it offers a promising alternative to curb food insecurity and malnutrition. Despite this, the consumption and use of the grasshopper is limited to its seasonal availability when it is collected from the wild. Coupled with this, is limited evidence on its domestication despite research advances to optimize conditions for mass production. This review was conducted to highlight research advances and gaps on production, processing, nutritional profile, and safety of R. differens as a food source. Findings from the review revealed that R. differens is widely consumed in Africa. It is rich in protein (28% to 54%), fat (33% to 49%), amino acids, fatty acids, micronutrients, and antioxidants; however, its nutrient quality and shelf life are influenced by diverse processing methods. Studies have reported the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in some market samples, highlighting the need for improved hygiene and processing standards. Therefore, enabling policies, captive rearing, and safe processing of R. differens would be revolutionary in increasing its availability, consumption, and commercialization for improved food and nutrition security.