Support and control: Individualised supervision work during gradual release in Finland

This article examines how supervision work during gradual release from prison in Finland contributes to the individualisation of punishment. Drawing on interviews with prison and community sanction officials, it demonstrates how probation and parole are understood as client-centred practices aimed at supporting social integration, with emphasis on individual planning, trust, and participatory cooperation instead of punitive control. Despite institutional reforms introducing efficiency targets and risk management, we argue that the supervision of gradual release in Finland continues to reflect social work values and orientations, even amid resource constraints and tightening penal policies.

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Publication Details

Journal
Probation Journal
Published
2026-03-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/02645505261429057
Primary Topic
Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Support and control: Individualised supervision work during gradual release in Finland

Emma Villman, Jukka Könönen
Probation Journal
Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
article

Support and control: Individualised supervision work during gradual release in Finland

Emma Villman, Jukka Könönen
article en

Abstract

This article examines how supervision work during gradual release from prison in Finland contributes to the individualisation of punishment. Drawing on interviews with prison and community sanction officials, it demonstrates how probation and parole are understood as client-centred practices aimed at supporting social integration, with emphasis on individual planning, trust, and participatory cooperation instead of punitive control. Despite institutional reforms introducing efficiency targets and risk management, we argue that the supervision of gradual release in Finland continues to reflect social work values and orientations, even amid resource constraints and tightening penal policies.

Probation Journal
University of Helsinki (FI), Tampere University (FI)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 24%
Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
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