Potential of battery-electric buses in Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC): Emissions analysis and policy perspectives

The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand, comprising Chonburi, Rayong, and Chachoengsao, is a major industrial hub where the public transport sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study assesses GHG emissions from fossil-fuel-powered buses and discusses the potential for transitioning to of battery-electric buses (BEBs). The assessment is conducted using a bottom-up approach compatible with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guideline principles. The assessment is based on 2019 activity data, disaggregated by route category (intra-provincial and inter-provincial) and by province. For inter-provincial routes, travel volumes were proportionally allocated to each province according to the distance traversed within its boundaries. Results indicate that inter-provincial routes account for approximately 89% of total emissions, with Chonburi alone contributing nearly half of the EEC total. Full electrification of these high-demand corridors, particularly when powered by renewable energy sources, offers substantial potential for emission reduction. Policy measures recommended include targeted infrastructure deployment, financial incentives, and integrated energy management strategies. The findings provide actionable insights for regional decarbonization planning and support Thailand’s broader sustainable transport goals.