Influence of Tskaltubo Low-Radon Nitrogen Mineral Baths on Erythrocyte Biophysical Parameters and Microcirculation in Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Clinical Study

This study investigates the effects of Tskaltubo low-radon nitrogen mineral baths on erythrocyte biophysical properties and microcirculatory function in patients with osteoarthritis. In this prospective observational clinical study, 165 patients with radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis underwent a standardized course of balneotherapy consisting of 22–25 isothermal mineral bath sessions. Key erythrocyte parameters, including electrokinetic potential, ultrasonic resistance, and aggregation activity, were measured before and after treatment. The results demonstrate significant improvement in erythrocyte membrane stability and rheological behavior following therapy, accompanied by reductions in pain intensity and improvements in joint function. The findings support the hypothesis that modulation of hemorheological properties may represent a clinically relevant physiological mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of balneotherapy. The study also provides a mechanistic framework linking low-dose radon exposure and nitrogen microbubble stimulation to improved microcirculation and tissue oxygenation. This work contributes to the understanding of osteoarthritis as a systemic condition involving microcirculatory and hemorheological components and highlights the potential role of balneotherapy as a complementary rehabilitation strategy. Keywords: Osteoarthritis; Balneotherapy; Radon therapy; Erythrocyte rheology; Microcirculation; Rehabilitation