Prenatal Prescription Opioid Analgesic Exposure and Academic Performance in Third Grade Children: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Prenatal exposure to codeine and oxycodone do not have meaningful impacts on third-grade academic performance. In contrast, tramadol was associated with lower reading and numeracy scores, though whether this reflects a true effect or is attributable to unmeasured confounding remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
Authors
- Malcolm Bjørn Gillies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-8050)
- Antonia Shand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-9295)
- Helga Zoëga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0761-9028)
- Jonathan Brett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-7495)
- Claudia Bruno
- Bianca Varney
- Natasha Nassar
- Alys Havard
Institutions
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Royal Hospital for Women (AU)
- Children's Hospital at Westmead (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- St Vincent's Health (AU)
- St Vincent's Clinic (AU)
- Mental Health Commission (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Published
- 2026-03-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.70221
- Primary Topic
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00