Multimodal Medical Data Enhancement and Diagnostics Using Contour-Aware Generative Learning and Variational Transformers

Data-driven diagnosis and treatment in the medical field are becoming more and more common, yet they are hindered by the shortcomings of the datasets available: they are limited, unbalanced, and require privacy protection. Nonetheless, such extreme scarcity, disproportionality, and privacy issues of medical datasets are major obstacles towards realizing robust and generalizable Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. Privacy-preserving generative frameworks are deemed critical to provide significantly advanced performance that will be able to boost medical data quality and variety without the need to affect the structural and clinical integrity. This research experiment aims to provide a new Generative AI-solution Medical Data Enhancement (GAIMD-E) framework with a dual-stream structure encompassing a Contour-Aware Generative Adversarial Network (CA-GAN) combined with a Variational Transformer Auto-Encoder (VTAE). The CA-GAN contains a contour computation component that explicitly learns the anatomical boundaries and the structural outlines of medical images, and has the capacity of generating high-quality synthesized examples with morphological consistency preserved. At the same time, the VTAE simultaneously represents local feature uncertainty as well as global temporal dependencies on multi-modal medical records (for example, radiology, pathology, and so on). Besides, a new Gradient-Guided Feature Consistency Loss (GGFCL) is proposed to achieve structural consistency in synthetic and real samples that can improve domain credibility. Also, experimental tests on three benchmark datasets Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS), Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III), and National Institute of Health (NIH) Chest X-ray reveal up to 31.6% gain in model generalization, 27.4% decrease in false negatives and 21.2% increase in F1-score when training downstream classifiers on augmented data. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the framework to remedy data gaps when maintaining clinical applicability, and it is a viable and privacy-safe option towards advancements in AI-based medicine.