Effect of hamstring-targeted physiotherapy on low back pain and muscle viscoelastic properties in elite adolescent rowers: A single-blind randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent among adolescent rowers and may be influenced by altered trunk-pelvic mechanics and hamstring characteristics. Hamstring-targeted physiotherapy interventions are widely used in clinical practice; however, comparative evidence regarding their effects on muscle mechanical properties and LBP in adolescent rowing populations is limited.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of ballistic hamstring stretching, hamstring extender exercise, and kinesiotaping on hamstring viscoelastic properties, low back pain, and athletic performance in elite adolescent rowers.MethodsThis single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 60 elite male adolescent rowers (aged 14-18 years) with chronic low back pain, and participants were randomly assigned to three groups for a twelve-week program performed during training sessions four times per week. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and week 12, including hamstring viscoelastic properties measured using a handheld myotonometer, pain intensity assessed with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and athletic performance evaluated by the 2000-m rowing ergometer and standing long jump tests. Data were analyzed using age-adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsAfter adjustment for baseline values and age, both exercise-based interventions were associated with more favorable changes in hamstring viscoelastic properties and greater reductions in pain intensity compared with kinesiotaping (p < 0.001). Between-group differences in athletic performance were statistically significant but modest.ConclusionHamstring-focused exercise interventions were associated with greater improvements in muscle mechanical properties and reductions in LBP compared with kinesiotaping in adolescent rowers. These findings support the inclusion of active hamstring exercises in rehabilitation programs for athletes with LBP.