Artificial Intelligence in Parenteral Nutrition: Enhancing Patient Outcomes Through Global Experience and the Bulgarian Context

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown substantial potential to improve patient outcomes in parenteral nutrition by enabling individualised nutritional strategies, early prediction of metabolic and infectious complications, and optimised real-time clinical decision-making. Evidence from global clinical practice demonstrates that AI integration can enhance patient safety, reduce complication rates, and improve resource utilisation. In Bulgaria, recent developments in parenteral nutrition reflect progress toward standardisation, wider availability of modern formulations, and alignment with international clinical guidelines. However, the adoption of AI-driven systems for personalised nutrition planning and continuous risk assessment remains limited. Key barriers include the availability and quality of clinical data, regulatory and ethical considerations, and the need for targeted training of healthcare professionals. This review highlights both the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing AI in parenteral nutrition in the Bulgarian context. Potential benefits include improved patient outcomes, shorter hospital stays, more efficient healthcare delivery, and alignment with international best practices. At the same time, overcoming infrastructural, regulatory, and educational barriers is essential for successful implementation. Conclusions: The integration of AI into parenteral nutrition requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines clinical expertise, technological innovation, and supportive health policy. Such an approach offers the potential to sustainably enhance patient care in Bulgaria and position national practice in line with leading global standards.