Relationship between intestinal microbiota and psoriasis pathogenesis

Psoriasis is a genetically determined dermatological disease based on immunopathological reactions. In general, despite the huge amount of data, a clear and uniform picture of the pathogenesis of psoriasis has not been described yet. Recently, there is a growing volume of data in the scientific community connecting many pathological conditions with disruptions in the human microbiome. Intestinal microbiota is the most numerous and diverse among all loci of the human body. It is reliably known that intestinal dysbiosis and psoriasis are two interrelated conditions. These data indicate the homogeneity of pathogenesis mechanisms underlying these diseases. A. muciniphila — a gram-negative obligatory anaerobic bacterium, which represents 1—5% of the total population in healthy persons in distal segments of the intestine. F. prausnitzii — a gram-positive obligatory anaerobe, which is also presented in large quantities in the normal gastrointestinal microbiota. These microorganisms have both local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects by producing short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate. In addition to the qualitative and quantitative changes of specific microorganisms, a lot of data indicates general changes in microbiota composition. Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio is the most common indicator of dysbiotic changes in the intestine. Both phylums are responsible for most of the production of short-chain fatty acids, which are anti-inflammatory metabolites. In the scientific community, there is an increasing number of works devoted to the study of fundamental moments of psoriasis pathogenesis in order to find new applied points for targeted therapy of such patients. The study of intestinal microbiota opens up new ways in both the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis, which once again proves the need for interdisciplinary research.