No evidence of zoonotic viruses in selected captive and wild-caught grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the ashanti region of ghana: a cross-sectional study

Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases are a significant threat to public health globally. Thryonomys swinderianus (grasscutters) are widely hunted and farmed as a source of protein in Ghana, which introduces the possibility of zoonotic disease transmission between the animals and handlers. This study investigated the prevalence and zoonotic risks associated with handling grasscutters in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Laboratory analysis of 334 nasopharyngeal, oral, and rectal swabs from 117 grasscutters found no detectable cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, human rhinovirus, monkeypox virus, rotavirus, or enterovirus. Thirty handlers of captive and wild-caught grasscutters participated, comprising traders (57%), farmers (23%), and butchers (20%). Gender disparities were observed across occupations, with all butchers and farmers being male and all traders, female. While 87% of the handlers had formal education, only about 26% had knowledge of the zoonotic potential of grasscutters. Not all handlers regularly used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) or practised hand hygiene, and neither was significantly associated with knowledge of zoonotic diseases (p = 0.7; p = 0.8). Fluid exposure occurred in 87% of handlers, mainly through splashes (70%), with PPE usage significantly reducing splash-related exposure (p < 0.001). Although the findings from this study indicated no immediate viral zoonotic threat from grasscutters in the sampled locations, it suggests surveillance should be continuously carried out through a One Health approach, especially as wildlife-human interactions increase. Also, educational campaigns and training should be targeted and consider biosafety practices.