exoALMA XXII: A Two-dimensional Atlas of Deviations from Keplerian Disks

Abstract Protoplanetary disks are the birthplaces of planetary systems, and deviations from Keplerian rotation imprinted in disk gas kinematics serve as key tracers of physical processes and the presence of protoplanets within disks. Using the CO ( J = 3–2) data from the exoALMA Large Program, encompassing 15 disks, we constructed two-dimensional (2D) maps of centroid velocity, line width, and peak intensity, and extracted non-Keplerian deviations by subtracting smooth Keplerian models. This Letter provides the first systematic and uniform overview of 2D gas substructures across the entire exoALMA sample. We find that all targets exhibit large-scale deviations from smooth Keplerian disks, displaying a variety of morphologies, including spiral-like structures, arc- or ring-like features, and patterns indicative of variations in the emitting surface height. Nonaxisymmetric spiral-arm features are detected or suggested in five disks (CQ Tau, MWC 758, HD 135344B, HD 34282, and SY Cha), and are preferentially found in Herbig Ae/Fe systems. In contrast, some other sources (J1852, PDS 66, and V4046 Sgr), despite exhibiting noticeable deviations, appear to be dynamically quieter. This 2D atlas suggests that kinematic substructures are ubiquitous in large (≳100 au) protoplanetary disks with ages of a few million years, based on the observations obtained with sufficient sensitivity at a moderate-to-high spatial resolution of ∼20 au and high-velocity resolution of ∼0.1 km s −1 .

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published
2026-03-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae3dc2
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
47.65
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

exoALMA XXII: A Two-dimensional Atlas of Deviations from Keplerian Disks

Maria Galloway-Sprietsma, T. Yoshida, Brianna Zawadzki, D. J. Price et al.
2 citations
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
47.65
article

exoALMA XXII: A Two-dimensional Atlas of Deviations from Keplerian Disks

Maria Galloway-Sprietsma, T. Yoshida, Brianna Zawadzki, D. J. Price, Masataka Aizawa, Lisa Wölfer, J. Bae, Andrew J. Winter, Misato Fukagawa, Hsi-Wei Yen, Gianni Cataldi, Sean M. Andrews, Richard Teague, Cassandra Hall, Ryuta Orihara, Ryan A. Loomis, Gaylor Wafflard-Fernandez, Jane Huang, John D. Ilee, C. Pinte, Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro, Jensen Lawrence, Munetake Momose, Cristiano Longarini, Andrés F. Izquierdo, Pietro Curone, Daniele Fasano, Geoffroy Lesur, Ian Czekala, Jochen Stadler, H.P. Garg, G. Lodato, Mario Flock, Stefano Facchini, David J. Wilner, Giovanni Rosotti, Myriam Benisty, François Ménard
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract Protoplanetary disks are the birthplaces of planetary systems, and deviations from Keplerian rotation imprinted in disk gas kinematics serve as key tracers of physical processes and the presence of protoplanets within disks. Using the CO ( J = 3–2) data from the exoALMA Large Program, encompassing 15 disks, we constructed two-dimensional (2D) maps of centroid velocity, line width, and peak intensity, and extracted non-Keplerian deviations by subtracting smooth Keplerian models. This Letter provides the first systematic and uniform overview of 2D gas substructures across the entire exoALMA sample. We find that all targets exhibit large-scale deviations from smooth Keplerian disks, displaying a variety of morphologies, including spiral-like structures, arc- or ring-like features, and patterns indicative of variations in the emitting surface height. Nonaxisymmetric spiral-arm features are detected or suggested in five disks (CQ Tau, MWC 758, HD 135344B, HD 34282, and SY Cha), and are preferentially found in Herbig Ae/Fe systems. In contrast, some other sources (J1852, PDS 66, and V4046 Sgr), despite exhibiting noticeable deviations, appear to be dynamically quieter. This 2D atlas suggests that kinematic substructures are ubiquitous in large (≳100 au) protoplanetary disks with ages of a few million years, based on the observations obtained with sufficient sensitivity at a moderate-to-high spatial resolution of ∼20 au and high-velocity resolution of ∼0.1 km s −1 .

The Astrophysical Journal LettersVol. 1000(1)
Wesleyan University (US), Leiden University (NL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), University of Leeds (GB), Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica (TW), European Southern Observatory (DE), University of Georgia (US), Queen Mary University of London (GB), University of St Andrews (GB), Saga University (JP), University of Milan (IT), The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (JP), Tohoku University (JP), Université Côte d'Azur (FR), University of Cambridge (GB), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (US), University of Florida (US), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (FR), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (JP), Monash University (AU), Ibaraki University (JP), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), University of Chile (CL), The University of Tokyo (JP), Columbia University (US), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
47.65
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.