Assessing the impact of a tennis-themed sports video game on physical literacy and participation on physical activities among university students: A cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol

This protocol examines the integration of SVG into physical education to promote PL across physical, cognitive, affective, and social domains. Limitations include potential contamination bias, variability in prior gaming experience, short intervention duration, and reliance on self-reported measures, which may introduce bias. Theoretically, the study advances PL frameworks by embedding technology-enhanced learning within structured PE contexts. Practically, SVG-based activities offer an inclusive, engaging approach to support diverse learners. Future research should explore long-term effects and develop validated tools for comprehensive assessment. Trial registration: The protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework on 25 July 2025: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JDYGV.