Protective Factors Associated With Perceived Risk of Exclusion From Education and Work Among Vocational Students

A positive school climate that promotes belonging, supportive relationships, and high-quality teaching is vital for vocational students' confidence in future transitions. Equally important are opportunities to gain an understanding of working-life principles and work experience, which may help students envision attainable career pathways. Strengthening both the social and structural foundations of vocational education may help reduce students' perceived risk of experiencing NEET status.