Effect of Nordic walking versus retro walking on balance, physical fitness, and quality of life in young-old individuals: A comparative study

ABSTRACT Background: Aging leads to physiological changes that impair mobility, strength, and balance, increasing fall risk and reducing quality of life (QoL). Nordic walking (NW) enhances stability, posture, and cardiovascular health, while retro walking (RW) improves muscle activation and cognitive function. Comparing their effects can help identify optimal interventions for older adults. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of NW and RW on balance, physical fitness, and QoL in older adults. Methods: A single-blinded experimental study was conducted with 40 participants aged 60–75 years. Participants were randomly assigned to either the NW or RW group (1:1) and completed supervised 45-min sessions three times per week for 4 weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale, physical fitness with the senior fitness test, and QoL with the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric tests, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Both interventions significantly improved balance, fitness, and QoL ( P < 0.05). However, NW led to significantly greater improvements in balance, strength, flexibility, endurance, and SF-36 scores compared to RW ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: NW is more effective than RW in enhancing balance, strength, flexibility, and endurance in older adults. Given these benefits, NW should be considered a preferred intervention to improve mobility and QoL in this population.