The Macroeconomics of AI and Blockchain in the Circular Aspect of Sustainable Tourism: a Systematic Theoretical Review

The contribution of global tourism to GDP increased to 10%, and significantly affected the actuality of transitioning the tourism sector from ‘take-make-dispose’ models to a circular economy. The study explores how artificial intelligence and blockchain are evolving beyond speculative trends into tangible macroeconomic drivers. Within a narrative literature review and conceptual analysis, it is examined how these technologies impact productivity, change labour market demands, and affect monetary frameworks. The paper addresses the scientific problem on how artificial intelligence and blockchain strengthen circularity in the development of sustainable tourism from a macroeconomic perspective. Consequently, the purpose of the study is to analyse the effects of digitalisation on economic productivity, labour market dynamics and monetary policy through the lens of the circular economy. Also, the study highlights the fact that interrelatedness between digitalisation and macroeconomic dynamics has the long-term sustainability potential of implementing digital technologies in sustainable tourism circularity.