Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Metasurface Antenna for FR1 Frequencies

In this work, a dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA) composed of an array of hexagonal-shaped complementary electric inductive capacitive (cELC) resonators is presented. The cELC meta-atoms are embedded in the top layer of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and are arranged in an alternating pattern. P-i-n diodes are incorporated to dynamically control the reactance of the meta-atoms in response to the wave propagating through the waveguide. The DMA operates at 5.2 GHz and achieves a total beam coverage of 148°. It delivers an average gain of 3.7 dBi and can steer beams in four different directions: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10^{\circ}, 20^{\circ}, 30^{\circ}$</tex>, and 60°. The performance of the proposed antenna has been verified through full-wave electromagnetic simulations. With its broad beam coverage and planar design the DMA is well-suited for sensing applications.