Retatrutide (LY3437943) for metabolic disorders: A systematic review of clinical outcomes in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Objectives: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are closely linked, both requiring treatments that effectively address hyperglycaemia and induce weight loss. Retatrutide (LY3437943), a novel triple agonist targeting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptors, has shown promise in early trials for managing these conditions. However, evidence from different studies is inconsistent due to variability in dosing, participant characteristics and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct, including studies published up to 30 September 2024. Clinical trials reporting outcomes related to weight reduction, glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in patients treated with retatrutide were included. Results: Retatrutide demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in body weight, with the highest doses (8 mg and 12 mg) achieving up to 26 kg weight loss. Improvements in glycaemic control, body mass index, waist circumference and lipid profiles were also observed. Higher doses yielded better results compared to placebo and dulaglutide. Gastrointestinal side effects were common but generally mild and manageable. Conclusion: Retatrutide shows significant potential in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, with notable improvements in weight loss and glycaemic control. However, further long-term studies are necessary to evaluate its sustained efficacy, safety and broader metabolic outcomes.