The Overlooked Impact of Botanical Pesticides on Non-Target Organisms

To better understand how botanical products affect non-target organisms, the present review focuses on the toxicity of botanical pesticides to organisms other than targeted pests, to trace a panorama on the future of sustainable agricultural models worldwide, considering the importance of ecotoxicological studies in the development of new pesticides, including botanical kinds, which are commonly recognized as essentially harmless. The review summarizes published work gathered from digital databases and highlights modern trends in pest management research and the development of novel bioinputs, including a discussion of the world's current legislation regarding relevant agricultural innovations and field obstacles. Nanotechnology techniques are discussed as major innovations employed in the pest control field, and their employment in improving botanical pesticides is addressed and explored. In this work, we analyze the factors involved in determining the success of botanical products and their importance in the implementation of a more sustainable approach to managing crops. The results indicate a significant lack of studies focused on the effects of botanical products on non-target organisms and an increase in studies with nanoformulations.