Developing a contingency-based model for implementing sustainable warehouse practices: evidence from a case study

Purpose This study aims to develop a contingency-based model that maps sustainable warehouse practices (SWPs) to warehouse types and catalytic factors, enabling the selection of context-appropriate practices. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage research methodology is adopted. Stage 1 develops the contingency model of SWPs employing morphological analysis (MA). This includes defining warehouse sustainability constructs, exploring items for each from the literature and evaluating feasible combinations (fit) among items using a cross-consistency matrix supported by expert interviews. In stage 2, the above model is validated through a case study of a distribution warehouse. Findings The results show that SWPs related to warehouse management and facilities apply across all warehouse types, while supplier collaboration, vehicle scheduling and sustainable packaging vary by warehouse type. Implementation in both cases is influenced by catalytic factors such as cost, managerial commitment and regulatory pressures. Research limitations/implications The study extends contingency theory by operationalising contextual, response and performance variables into a measurable framework for warehouse sustainability. The proposed model and propositions provide a basis for future empirical research in performance management. Practical implications These findings help practitioners to select SWPs that fit their specific warehouse type, enabling better performance outcomes. From a performance management perspective, the study's insights into the catalytic factors influencing SWP implementation provide valuable guidance for managers. Originality/value This study is among the first to propose a contingency-based model for SWPs, offering a structured and context-specific approach to addressing sustainability challenges in warehouse operations, with MA serving as a methodological aid.