Heterogeneous Adversarial Reasoning Through Tournament Consensus: Proof of Mechanism

We present evidence that heterogeneous adversarial reasoning—where AI models fromdifferent providers compete in structured tournament brackets—produces demonstrably bet-ter output than single-model self-refinement across all tasks tested. A single competitiveRing of three outer neurons (each backed by a different large language model) coordinatedby a deterministic central neuron was tested across ten tournament runs spanning codeoptimization, strategic reasoning, and literary analysis at two model capability tiers. Thetournament achieved convergence in 100% of test cases, consistently surfacing blind spotsthat persist through unlimited solo self-critique iterations. Homogeneous control tourna-ments (identical models competing against each other) proved unreliable, sometimes match-ing heterogeneous results and sometimes regressing below solo baselines, isolating modeldiversity as the critical variable. We describe the architecture, present experimental results,and discuss the implications for multi-agent AI reasoning systems.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-03-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19054852
Primary Topic
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
Type
article
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article

Heterogeneous Adversarial Reasoning Through Tournament Consensus: Proof of Mechanism

Paul Klingman
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
article

Heterogeneous Adversarial Reasoning Through Tournament Consensus: Proof of Mechanism

Paul Klingman
article en

Abstract

We present evidence that heterogeneous adversarial reasoning—where AI models fromdifferent providers compete in structured tournament brackets—produces demonstrably bet-ter output than single-model self-refinement across all tasks tested. A single competitiveRing of three outer neurons (each backed by a different large language model) coordinatedby a deterministic central neuron was tested across ten tournament runs spanning codeoptimization, strategic reasoning, and literary analysis at two model capability tiers. Thetournament achieved convergence in 100% of test cases, consistently surfacing blind spotsthat persist through unlimited solo self-critique iterations. Homogeneous control tourna-ments (identical models competing against each other) proved unreliable, sometimes match-ing heterogeneous results and sometimes regressing below solo baselines, isolating modeldiversity as the critical variable. We describe the architecture, present experimental results,and discuss the implications for multi-agent AI reasoning systems.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
University of South Dakota (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
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