Ultrasustained Dual Control of Rice Diseases and Pests via Zn ²⁺ -Tannic Acid-Gated Zeolite Imidazole Framework@Sodium Alginate Multifunctional Seed Coating

The prevention and control of rice pests and diseases are critical to crop quality. Traditional approaches rely heavily on high-concentration pesticides and antibacterial agents, imposing severe environmental burdens. Based on the coordination between tannic acid (TA) and unsaturated Zn²⁺ on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), we innovatively fabricated a antibacterial seed coating TA/ZIF-8@SA (TZS) loaded with thiamethoxam (TMX). The dense Zn²⁺-TA gating network and ZIF-8 double-layer structure enable precise and controllable TMX release, reducing pesticide-induced environmental pollution. This coating extends TMX release by over 15 times relative to commercial formulations. In pot experiments, TMX-TZS exerted persistent control against rice planthoppers with 73.54% control efficacy at 30 days, far exceeding 31% for pure TMX. It also achieved a germination rate of 75.43 ± 6.67% in <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i>-infected soil, demonstrating strong antifungal activity. Therefore, TMX-TZS integrates insecticidal and antibacterial functions to strengthen crop defense, realizing the dual control of rice diseases and pests.