Preparation and Modification of Cellulose Nanomaterials Applied in CO ₂ Capture: A Review

ABSTRACT Cellulose‐based materials, being renewable, eco‐friendly, and abundant, have strong potential for CO 2 adsorption. Their adsorption performance depends on both the cellulose source and the preparation method. In addition, strategies for improving CO 2 capture depend on the type of cellulose used. This paper summarizes recent progress and evaluates the practical prospects of using cellulose nanomaterials for CO 2 adsorption and separation. It first introduces nanocellulose and its preparation methods. Then, it examines materials derived from cellulose, such as activated carbon and cellulose aerogels, for CO 2 capture. Also, this study compares cellulose preparation methods from different sources, analyzes their performance in CO 2 adsorption, and evaluates the impact of various modification techniques. Finally, it outlines current challenges, including scalability, cost‐effectiveness, stability under realistic conditions, and suggests directions for future research aimed at developing cellulose‐based adsorbents suitable for large‐scale and industrial use, with a particular focus on comparative analysis of processing pathways and modification strategies.