Tracing Fe K X-Ray Reverberation Lag in the Energy-resolved Spectra of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180

Abstract We report the Fe K relativistic reverberation feature for the first time in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ton S180. Using a long observation from XMM-Newton we find that the Fe K emission lag peaks at 117 ± 49 s in the lag energy spectrum computed for frequencies (0.3–8.5) × 10 −4 Hz. The lag amplitude drops to 22.85 ± 14.20 s as the frequency increases to (8.5–30) × 10 −4 Hz. The time-averaged spectrum of the source shows a relatively narrow Fe K line at ∼6.4 keV, indicating a low black hole spin ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ) based on the reflection modeling. We perform general relativistic transfer function modeling of the lag energy spectra individually. This provides an independent timing-based measure of the spin at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.17</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.34</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , a black hole mass <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">BH</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.16</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , comparable to the previous measurement, and a coronal height <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.17</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Further, we observe that the Fe K lag and the black hole mass fit well in the linear lag–mass relation shown by other Seyfert 1 galaxies.

Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2026-03-16
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https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae474a
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Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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article

Tracing Fe K X-Ray Reverberation Lag in the Energy-resolved Spectra of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180

The Astrophysical Journal
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
article

Tracing Fe K X-Ray Reverberation Lag in the Energy-resolved Spectra of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180

article en

Abstract

Abstract We report the Fe K relativistic reverberation feature for the first time in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ton S180. Using a long observation from XMM-Newton we find that the Fe K emission lag peaks at 117 ± 49 s in the lag energy spectrum computed for frequencies (0.3–8.5) × 10 −4 Hz. The lag amplitude drops to 22.85 ± 14.20 s as the frequency increases to (8.5–30) × 10 −4 Hz. The time-averaged spectrum of the source shows a relatively narrow Fe K line at ∼6.4 keV, indicating a low black hole spin ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ) based on the reflection modeling. We perform general relativistic transfer function modeling of the lag energy spectra individually. This provides an independent timing-based measure of the spin at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.17</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.34</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , a black hole mass <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">BH</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.16</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , comparable to the previous measurement, and a coronal height <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.17</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">g</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Further, we observe that the Fe K lag and the black hole mass fit well in the linear lag–mass relation shown by other Seyfert 1 galaxies.

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