Site productivity model for the construction industry: an Indian context

Purpose Enhancing construction site productivity (CSP) is essential, as the industry's growth is closely linked to the economy's development. Prior research on CSP has demonstrated its role, including enhancing project planning and execution. However, existing research has not investigated factors impacting CSP in India. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a CSP model for the Indian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among latent variables and test the proposed theoretical framework. In this study, 8 latent constructs operationalized through 28 indicators were examined to assess their impact on CSP. A total of 204 valid responses were obtained and subjected to rigorous statistical examination. The analytical procedures comprised reliability assessment, chi-square testing, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM to validate the proposed model. Findings The SEM analysis revealed that site management (SM) (ß = 0.38, p < 0.001) and safety and quality procurement (ß = 0.32, p < 0.001) exerted the strongest significant impact on CSP. These findings indicate that standardized safety and quality measures are critical determinants of site productivity. Additionally, three indicators emerged as particularly important: workforce stability, skill development and working conditions. Research limitations/implications These findings furnish construction practitioners with empirical evidence regarding the hierarchical impact of factors impacting CSP. Critically, the results establish a framework for analyzing site operations and administrative processes, thereby enhancing evidence-based decision-making in project management. Moreover, this study advances construction performance management theory by empirically validating that site-level managerial capabilities and human resource dimensions constitute the primary determinants of productivity in developing economies. Originality/value This study contributes to the productivity management body of knowledge by developing and validating a CSP model in the context of developing economies. By establishing SM as a strong influencing factor, this study provides evidence that calls for further research on management practices and their mechanisms for enhancing productivity at construction sites.