Pumpkin Seed Oil as a Candidate Intranasal Delivery Medium: Evidence From Nasal Epithelial Cell Culture

Cautionary formulation and dosing procedures are crucial because of the substantial decrease in survivability at higher doses. Additional research, including in vivo models and clinical assessments, is necessary to determine safe exposure limits, delivery modalities, and therapeutic effectiveness. However, in vitro evidence supports potential low-concentration ENT applications. In general, rhinoplasty and septoplasty procedures, among others in otolaryngology, show potential for the use of C. pepo seed oil as a locally applied, biologically active substance. PSO may be suitable for intranasal delivery as a transfer medium, based on its dose-dependent biocompatibility with human nasal epithelial cells. It should be investigated in future experimental studies.