High-Efficiency Microstrip Antenna Design for 5G N76 Band: Technical Requirements and Performance Analysis

The article entitled High-Efficiency Microstrip Antenna Design for 5G N76 Band: Technical Requirements and Performance Analysis aims to answer the research question: how effective is a rectangular microstrip antenna designed to operate in a 5G system in the N76 band? The designed antenna uses a method of simulation and modeling of antenna parameters and diagnosis of behavior in the band of interest. It was found that the matching characteristics, radiation properties, and energy efficiency prove that the designed antenna meets all functional and technical requirements. The completed project and the obtained results confirm that the rectangular microstrip antenna is a structure that successfully combines simplicity of construction with very good performance parameters. The directional gain obtained was 5.27 dBi, and the radiation was concentrated along the Z axis, which is consistent with the expected characteristics for this type of bottom-fed structures. In the H plane, the main beam width was 50°, and the side lobes were limited to −4.8 dB, which indicates good directivity and high energy efficiency of the system. In addition, the achieved radiation efficiency of 94.6% proves that most of the supplied power is effectively converted into an electromagnetic wave, despite the use of FR-4 material. Conclusions: Due to their low profile, the possibility of integration with integrated circuits, and low production costs, antennas of this type will play an increasingly important role in the latest generation of communication systems. This project may serve as a starting point for further modifications, such as extending the operating range to more bands, designing multi-element structures, or developing antennas with dynamically adjustable operating parameters.