Systematic Review of Percutaneous and Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Neurostimulation for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms & Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children

Overall, posterior TNS via either a percutaneous or transcutaneous approach often provides at least a mild benefit to pediatric patients with LUTS and LUTD. However, the variability in study outcomes and low quality of evidence suggest a need for more robust studies with standardized outcomes and comparison groups to better establish the efficacy and role of TNS in children.