Emergenza del cesio 133 frequenza

We derive, from a closed and autosufficient quartic variational principle, the complete sequenceof emergent structures leading from geometry to electromagnetism, atomic quantization, fine andhyperfine splittings, and finally to the exact Cs–133 hyperfine transition frequencyfCs = 9 192 631 770 Hz,without introducing any external physical constant, unit, electromagnetic parameter, mass scale,temporal scale, or fitting procedure. All emergent scales follow uniquely from the internal extremizationof the quartic functionalS[Ψ] =ZΩ−|Ψ†ΓΨ|2 + λ1(Ψ†Ψ − 1)2 + λ2 TrhΓ(ΨΨ† − Ψ†Ψ)i2,under the constraints of coercivity, autosyntax, spectral discreteness, and uniqueness of the variationalminimum. We show that: (1) the coherent domain must be S3, (2) the operator Γ must bea unique first–order generator, (3) the electromagnetic coupling emerges as a structural invariantα, (4) atomic energy levels satisfy a variational Rydberg law, (5) fine and hyperfine splittings correspondto powers α4 and α6, and (6) the Cs–133 hyperfine transition is necessarily proportionalto α6, with an emergent geometric prefactor K fully determined by the torsional SU(2) structure.Substituting the variationally emergent value of α yields exactly 9 192 631 770 Hz.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-03-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19054350
Primary Topic
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Type
article
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article

Emergenza del cesio 133 frequenza

Livolsi Edoardo
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
article

Emergenza del cesio 133 frequenza

Livolsi Edoardo
article en

Abstract

We derive, from a closed and autosufficient quartic variational principle, the complete sequenceof emergent structures leading from geometry to electromagnetism, atomic quantization, fine andhyperfine splittings, and finally to the exact Cs–133 hyperfine transition frequencyfCs = 9 192 631 770 Hz,without introducing any external physical constant, unit, electromagnetic parameter, mass scale,temporal scale, or fitting procedure. All emergent scales follow uniquely from the internal extremizationof the quartic functionalS[Ψ] =ZΩ−|Ψ†ΓΨ|2 + λ1(Ψ†Ψ − 1)2 + λ2 TrhΓ(ΨΨ† − Ψ†Ψ)i2,under the constraints of coercivity, autosyntax, spectral discreteness, and uniqueness of the variationalminimum. We show that: (1) the coherent domain must be S3, (2) the operator Γ must bea unique first–order generator, (3) the electromagnetic coupling emerges as a structural invariantα, (4) atomic energy levels satisfy a variational Rydberg law, (5) fine and hyperfine splittings correspondto powers α4 and α6, and (6) the Cs–133 hyperfine transition is necessarily proportionalto α6, with an emergent geometric prefactor K fully determined by the torsional SU(2) structure.Substituting the variationally emergent value of α yields exactly 9 192 631 770 Hz.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 19%
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
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