Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction reduces influenza A virus nucleoprotein levels in association with modulation of lactate–HMGB1 lactylation and autophagosome accumulation

MXSG reducing NP levels is associated with modulation of expression levels of glycolytic enzymes and reduced lactate production, and was accompanied by decreases in HMGB1 lactylation with expression and HMGB1-associated autophagosome accumulation providing a potential metabolic basis for MXSG-associated regulation of autophagy-related processes. These findings suggest a possible association between metabolic-autophagy signaling and MXSG-associated reductions in viral NP levels, but remain correlative and require further validation.