A Framework for Subgroup Dynamics Through the System Dynamics Lens: An Integrative Review of the Attribute and the Network Views

ABSTRACT Subgroups are dynamic entities evolving constantly in response to changing contexts and time. Although scholars from both the attribute and the network views have acknowledged that subgroups are inherently complex and fluid, research in these traditions has remained bifurcated, with limited efforts to integrate the two perspectives to more fully capture subgroup dynamics. We bridge this divide by conducting an integrative review and developing a new subgroup dynamics framework. In particular, our review provides a comprehensive examination of the theoretical premises and empirical findings of the two views, aiming to deepen our understanding of current subgroup research. Moreover, drawing upon the theoretical lens of system dynamics, we present a holistic framework for subgroup dynamics that illustrates how individual attributes and network configurations reciprocally influence each other, rather than treating them as separate components contributing to subgroup evolution. Finally, we close with a set of future research questions to drive theoretical and empirical advancements in the subgroup literature.