Growth factor applications and clinical translation: advances and challenges

By synthesizing current advances and existing constraints, this study aims to provide a comprehensive roadmap and technical reference for accelerating the development of next-generation GF therapies. Future research should focus on developing scalable delivery platforms, reducing production costs through synthetic biology, and strengthening biomarker-based translational studies. Multidisciplinary integration holds promise for advancing GFs therapies towards greater precision, safety, and efficacy, positioning them as core therapeutic tools in the era of precision medicine for addressing degenerative diseases, tissue damage, and metabolic disorders.