Glabellar Contraction Patterns and Neurotoxin Efficacy
Glabellar contracture patterns significantly affect baseline activity and duration of neurotoxin efficacy. Patterns O and IO exhibit shorter-lived improvements, suggesting customized injection protocols targeting additional muscles (frontalis, orbicularis, nasalis) may enhance patient outcomes.
Authors
- Mehdi S. Lemdani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-552X)
- Robyn B. Broach (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-3572)
- Malia Voytik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-5420)
- Ivona Percec (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-8187)
- Margaret M Hornick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2124-8288)
- Ayaka Deguchi
- Salman Khan
Institutions
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Christiana Care Health System (US)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annals of Plastic Surgery
- Published
- 2026-03-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000004705
- Primary Topic
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00