Access to Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Gynecomastia
Insurance coverage for adolescent gynecomastia is primarily restricted by policy-level exclusions rather than clinical factors, resulting in high denial rates and frequent reliance on self-pay options. These trends, along with observed racial differences in self-payment, underscore the need for standardized, evidence-based coverage criteria to address barriers to surgical access.
Authors
- Anish Raman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1726-9685)
- Leigh Friedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-7896)
- Cassandra Ligh
- Shailee Shroff
- Jacob R. Thomas
- Gerardo A. Perla
- Linda M. Saikali
Institutions
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Cooper University Hospital (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annals of Plastic Surgery
- Published
- 2026-03-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000004644
- Primary Topic
- Male Breast Health Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00