Environmental impacts of alternative fuels in public transportation

Abstract This study provides a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of public transport vehicles, delivering a comprehensive evaluation of both fossil fuel-powered and alternative fuel options. The research underscores the significance of renewable energy sources, focusing on fuels such as biomethane and electricity derived from advanced future energy grids, wind power, and photovoltaic systems. By exploring these alternatives, the study aims to highlight their potential to reduce the environmental impacts associated with public transportation. The study also indicates that bioCNG (biomethane-derived compressed natural gas) could serve as a transitional energy source toward electric vehicles powered entirely by renewable energy. It evaluates each stage of a vehicle’s life cycle (excluding the end-of-life phase) from production to use, while considering the vehicle’s lifespan, ensuring a complete understanding of its environmental footprint. Graphical Abstract