Improved executive function and sleep quality in preteens with high-functioning autism following a structured physical activity program

Purpose Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit atypical cognitive profiles, sensory processing challenges, sleep disturbances, and co-occurring psychiatric and somatic conditions. This exploratory prospective study, with a single-arm pre-post design, investigated the effects of a 10-12 weeks structured physical activity program on psychological symptoms, cognitive function, and sleep in children aged 10–14 years with high-functioning ASD. Methods Pre- and post-intervention assessments included parent-reported questionnaires, computerized cognitive testing using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and actigraphy-based sleep-wake monitoring. Results Sixteen children completed the intervention (n = 12 boys; median age 11.5 years). Following the intervention, parents reported improvements in executive functioning as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and in sensory processing as assessed by the Child Sensory Profile. Objective cognitive testing indicated tentative improvements in executive functioning, particularly in planning and problem-solving, on the Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) task in CANTAB. Actigraphy data indicated improved sleep quality, reflected by a reduced fragmentation index. Conclusion A structured physical activity program may improve executive functioning (as perceived by parents and supported by objective testing), enhance sensory processing, and improve sleep quality in children with high-functioning ASD who are not regularly physically active.