Use of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as an Alternative Feed Additive in the Nutrition of Sheep, Lambs and Rams and its Effects on Sustainable Productivity

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a legume with high adaptability and nutritional value, has attracted attention as a potential feed additive in small ruminant nutrition. Its seeds are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids and steroidal compounds, which may influence digestive efficiency, immune function and metabolic responses. Previous studies report variable outcomes: some indicate improvements in milk yield, growth performance and reproductive parameters in sheep, lambs and rams, while others show limited or no significant effects depending on breed, dosage and experimental design. This review synthesizes available findings on the nutritional composition and functional properties of fenugreek seeds and evaluates their potential role in sustainable sheep production systems. It also highlights research gaps regarding optimal inclusion levels, long-term safety and standardization in feed formulations.