Fractured Norms: Examining Contemporary Social Deviance through Robert Merton's Theory of Anomie

This research paper explores contemporary social deviance through the lens of Robert Merton’s theory of anomie, highlighting the structural strains within modern societies that foster deviant behaviours. By synthesising secondary literature from recent sociological and criminological studies, this analysis revisits Merton’s conceptualisation of anomie as a disjunction between culturally prescribed goals and the socially structured means to achieve them. Contemporary manifestations of social deviance reflect economic disparities, cultural conflicts, and the evolving complexities of social norms in the 21st century. The study design employs a thorough review of empirical research and theoretical advancements since 2010, examining various forms of deviance from individual to institutional levels. It aims to deepen understanding of the mechanisms through which structural strain contributes to social disorganisation and deviance, offering nuanced perspectives for policy interventions. Finally, the paper proposes pathways for future research integrating modern sociological tools with classical theory to address ongoing social challenges.