THE MODAL DISCIPLINE OF COSMIC ORIGIN: a Critical–Propositional Analysis of the Big Bang Theory in Confrontation with the Theory of Objectivity

This article develops an expanded critical–propositional analysis of the Big Bang Theory in confrontation with the Theory of Objectivity (TO), bringing into dialogue classical, technical, and observational cosmology with the foundational, recent, supporting, and dialogical bibliography of TO. Its central purpose is to examine to what extent standard cosmology satisfies the requirements of modal necessity postulated by TO, and at which points it remains ontologically insufficient. The study argues that the Big Bang Theory is extraordinarily robust as a physical-observational description of the hot, dense, and expanding primordial universe, especially in light of the cosmic microwave background, primordial nucleosynthesis, metric expansion, and structure formation. At the same time, it contends that such robustness does not by itself amount to a complete ontology of cosmic origin. From the perspective of the Seven Absolute Truths of the Theory of Objectivity, the article proposes that the Big Bang should be interpreted not as the absolute origin of being, but as a phenomenic phase of energetic, material, and informational exteriorization within a deeper cosmogonic process. The paper also articulates the Big Bang with key TO concepts, including phenomenic elements, Inductive Effects, Gödelian discipline, the Law of Logical Minimum, the cosmogonic theorem, and the cosmological Eras of TO. In this framework, standard cosmology is preserved as a highly successful science of the observable phase of the universe, while TO claims the modal, logical, and ontological level of ultimate foundation. A central thesis of the article is that the transcendent element may be understood as knowledge or information produced in atomic relations and equivalent to atomic radiations, thereby opening a fertile bridge between modal ontology and empirical cosmology. Rather than proposing a simple exclusion between the Big Bang and the Theory of Objectivity, the article advances a hierarchical reading: the Big Bang describes an observable phase of the cosmos, whereas TO seeks to explain the conditions of possibility, intelligibility, and full existence of that same cosmos. In this sense, the work contributes to ongoing discussions on cosmology, ontology, scientific explanation, and the philosophical status of origin theories, while reinforcing the importance of modal discipline in evaluating the scope and limits of modern cosmological models. Keywords:Big Bang; Theory of Objectivity; modal ontology; cosmology; cosmic origin; primordial universe; cosmic microwave background; primordial nucleosynthesis; phenomenic elements; Inductive Effects; Gödelian discipline; Law of Logical Minimum; cosmogonic theorem; cosmological eras; information; atomic radiations; transcendence; philosophy of cosmology; ontology of physics; Zenodo